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6,7 It is mainly composed of tricalcic silicate, tricalcic aluminate, and bismuth oxide, and consists of fine hydrophilic particles that harden in the presence of dampness or blood. 5,6 Initially recommended as a root-end filling material, it is currently being used for pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexogenesis and apexification, apical barrier formation, repair of root perforations and resorptive defects, and as a root canal and root-end filling material. 4 Following this, the material received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 1998. The initial literature regarding the material was published in 1993 by Lee et al. 2,3 This led to the development of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) materials possessing these ideal characteristics. 1 Therefore, an ideal orthograde and/or retrograde filling material should seal the pathways of communication between the root canal system and its surrounding tissues thus, this material should be biocompatible and dimensionally stable. A subsequent article will offer an overview of the material aspect (commercial products) and clinical considerations for MTA materials.Įndodontic failures may occur as a result of leakage of irritants into the periapical tissues.
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#Mtasa matrix series
This first of this series highlights and discusses the composition, physical, and/or chemical properties of MTA. Currently a variety of MTA commercial products are available, including Proroot ® Gray MTA and White MTA both from DENTSPLY Tulsa Dental Specialties ( and MTA Angelus (Angelus, Although these materials are indicated for various dental uses/applications, long-term in-vivo clinical studies are still needed to claim the same. MTA materials provide a better seal than traditional endodontic materials as observed in dye leakage, fluid filtration, protein leakage, and bacterial penetration leakage studies, and it has been recognized as a bioactive material. It demonstrates a strong biocompatible nature owing to the high pH and its ability to form hydroxyapatite.
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MTA is a refined form of the parent compound, Portland cement (PC). Electronic search of scientific papers from January 1991 to May 2010 was accomplished using PubMed and MedLine search engines to include relevant scientific citations from the peer-reviewed journals published in English. The purpose of this two-part series is to review the composition, properties, products, and clinical aspects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) materials.